Top Video Production Trends You Must Know About in 2026

10 Top Video Production Trends You Must Know About in 2025
In a crowded digital space, video remains the most effective medium for connection and conversion. Yet, the playbook for what constitutes "good" video is constantly being rewritten. Simply creating video content is no longer a differentiator; the key to success lies in understanding and strategically implementing the techniques that capture attention and drive action right now. This is where a deep understanding of the Top Video Production Trends You Must Know About becomes a critical business advantage.
Staying current isn't about chasing fleeting fads. It’s about aligning your creative output with shifting consumer behaviors, new platform functionalities, and technological advancements that can streamline your workflow and amplify your message. Ignoring these shifts means risking irrelevance, wasting production budgets on content that underperforms, and missing out on valuable opportunities to engage your target audience in meaningful ways.
This comprehensive guide is designed for marketing directors, creative leads, and founders who need to produce high-impact video content efficiently. We will move beyond surface-level observations to provide actionable, in-depth analysis on the most crucial trends shaping the industry. You will learn not just what is trending, but why it matters and how to implement these strategies within your own production framework. We will cover a range of powerful techniques, from the dominance of short-form vertical video and the rise of AI-powered tools to the growing demand for authentic, purpose-driven storytelling and interactive experiences. Prepare to gain the strategic insights needed to create video content that not only stands out but also delivers measurable, bottom-line results.
1. Short-Form Vertical Video Content
The undisputed champion of audience attention, short-form vertical video has fundamentally reshaped social media and content marketing. This trend, popularized by platforms like TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts, centers on creating highly engaging, mobile-first videos typically lasting between 15 and 60 seconds. Its power lies in its ability to capture viewer interest almost instantly and deliver a complete, satisfying narrative or message in a concise, easily digestible format.
The primary goal is to stop the scroll. Successful brands like Chipotle leverage this format with user-generated content challenges (like the viral #ChipotleLidFlip), while Netflix cleverly adapts movie trailers into vertical, bite-sized previews for mobile audiences. The vertical orientation (9:16 aspect ratio) fills the entire mobile screen, creating an immersive experience that minimizes distractions and maximizes impact. As one of the top video production trends, mastering this format is no longer optional; it's essential for brand relevance.
Why It's a Key Trend
The data overwhelmingly supports a shift toward short-form consumption. The following infographic highlights a few key statistics that underscore the dominance of this video format.

These numbers clearly illustrate that short-form video is not just popular; it's the primary way audiences consume social video, delivering superior engagement within a very specific time frame.
How to Implement This Trend
Effectively creating short-form vertical content requires a strategic approach tailored to the format's unique demands.
- Hook Immediately: You have less than three seconds to capture attention. Start with a bold claim, a surprising visual, or an intriguing question.
- Leverage Platform Tools: Use trending audio, native text overlays, and popular filters or effects. These elements help your content feel native to the platform and increase its discoverability.
- Design for Mobile: Ensure all on-screen text is large, legible, and placed within safe zones so it isn't obscured by platform UI elements.
- Create a Series: Build anticipation and encourage repeat viewership by creating multi-part series or teasing follow-up content. This tactic turns casual viewers into loyal followers.
If you want to explore professional strategies for creating compelling short-form video, you can partner with a specialized short-form video agency.
2. AI-Powered Video Production
Artificial intelligence is no longer a futuristic concept; it's a practical and powerful force reshaping the entire video production workflow. This trend involves integrating AI tools to automate and enhance tasks from pre-production to post-production, including scriptwriting, storyboarding, editing, voice synthesis, and visual effects. The core benefit is a dramatic increase in efficiency, allowing creators to produce high-quality content faster and at a lower cost.

The primary goal of AI integration is to democratize video creation and augment human creativity. For instance, tools like Synthesia allow businesses to create professional training videos with AI avatars, eliminating the need for actors and film crews. Platforms such as Runway ML and Luma AI are pushing creative boundaries with text-to-video generation, while Adobe's AI features in Premiere Pro streamline tedious editing tasks like transcription and color correction. This makes AI-powered video one of the most transformative video production trends today.
Why It's a Key Trend
AI-powered video production is a key trend because it directly addresses the immense pressure on creative teams to produce more content with fewer resources. It lowers the barrier to entry for high-quality video, enabling small businesses and individual creators to compete with larger studios. Furthermore, AI's role extends beyond simple automation. For insights into how artificial intelligence is transforming the landscape of immersive video production, including virtual and augmented realities, explore the revolution led by AI-driven Augmented Reality and XR technologies. This technology empowers creators by handling repetitive tasks, freeing them to focus on storytelling and strategy.
How to Implement This Trend
Integrating AI into your video workflow can seem daunting, but starting small and scaling up is a highly effective strategy.
- Start with Simple Tools: Begin with accessible AI features like automatic transcription in editing software or using a tool like Pictory to turn blog posts into simple videos.
- Combine AI with Human Oversight: Use AI to generate a first draft of a script or an initial video edit, then have a human creative refine and perfect the output. This hybrid approach ensures both efficiency and quality.
- Stay Updated on New Tools: The AI landscape evolves rapidly. Dedicate time to research and test new platforms to find the ones that best fit your specific production needs.
- Consider Ethical Implications: Be transparent when using AI-generated avatars or voices, especially for branded content, to maintain audience trust and authenticity.
To find the right tools for your projects, you can explore a comprehensive guide on the best AI video editors.
3. Live Streaming and Real-Time Content
Live streaming has evolved from a niche activity into a mainstream powerhouse for audience engagement. This trend centers on broadcasting unedited, real-time video to connect directly with viewers, fostering a sense of immediacy and authenticity that pre-recorded content often lacks. It's about creating a shared experience, whether through live shopping events, virtual conferences, interactive Q&As, or behind-the-scenes glimpses.
The core objective is to build a genuine, unscripted connection. Amazon Live excels at this with influencer-hosted shopping streams that feel like personal recommendations, while LinkedIn Live allows professionals to host real-time presentations and discussions, establishing thought leadership. This format’s strength lies in its interactivity; the ability for audiences to comment, ask questions, and influence the broadcast in real-time creates a powerful, participatory dynamic. As one of the top video production trends, mastering live content offers an unparalleled way to build community and trust.
Why It's a Key Trend
Live content transforms passive viewers into active participants, dramatically increasing engagement metrics. The unedited nature of live video is perceived as more trustworthy and transparent, which helps build stronger brand loyalty. This format capitalizes on the "fear of missing out" (FOMO), encouraging audiences to tune in at a specific time for exclusive content and interactions they can't get elsewhere. Furthermore, platforms are heavily prioritizing live features, often boosting their visibility in user feeds.
How to Implement This Trend
A successful live stream requires more than just hitting the "Go Live" button. It demands careful preparation to ensure a smooth and engaging experience.
- Test Everything: Before you go live, conduct a full technical rehearsal. Check your internet connection, audio levels, lighting, and camera angles to prevent disruptive technical glitches.
- Prepare, Don't Script: Have a clear outline with key talking points, but maintain a conversational and natural delivery. The goal is authenticity, not a robotic recitation.
- Engage Actively: Acknowledge viewers by name, respond to comments in real-time, and incorporate their questions into your broadcast. Make your audience feel seen and heard.
- Promote in Advance: Build anticipation by promoting your upcoming live stream across all your channels. Use countdown timers and post reminders to maximize viewership.
- Repurpose Your Content: Once the stream is over, save the recording. Edit it into highlight reels, short-form clips, or blog post summaries to extend its value and reach.
4. Interactive and Immersive Video Experiences
Moving beyond passive consumption, interactive and immersive video transforms the viewer from an observer into an active participant. This trend leverages technologies like clickable hotspots, 360-degree views, augmented reality (AR), and branching narratives to create deeply engaging experiences. The core principle is to give the audience control, allowing them to explore, choose, and interact with the content, which dramatically increases engagement and memory retention.
This approach creates a lean-forward experience that captivates attention in a way traditional video cannot. For instance, Netflix's groundbreaking Black Mirror: Bandersnatch allowed viewers to make choices that directly impacted the storyline, while BMW's 360-degree virtual showrooms let customers explore car interiors from their own homes. By empowering the viewer, brands create memorable, personalized journeys that drive deeper connections and are a significant part of the top video production trends.
Why It's a Key Trend
The demand for more personalized and engaging content is driving the adoption of interactive formats. By putting the user in control, these videos boost key metrics like watch time, engagement rates, and conversion rates, as they cater directly to user curiosity and agency.

This shift from a one-way broadcast to a two-way conversation makes the content more valuable and effective, especially for education, training, e-commerce, and entertainment.
How to Implement This Trend
Successfully integrating interactive elements requires careful planning and a user-centric mindset.
- Start Simple: You don't need a complex branching narrative to begin. Start by adding clickable hotspots to a product video that reveals more information or links to a purchase page.
- Prioritize Purpose: Ensure every interactive element serves a clear purpose. Whether it's to educate, entertain, or drive a conversion, the interaction should enhance the core message, not distract from it.
- Test for Usability: Test your interactive video rigorously across different devices and browsers. A seamless user experience is critical; clunky or confusing navigation will cause viewers to drop off.
- Provide Clear Instructions: Guide your audience on how to interact. Simple on-screen prompts or a brief introduction can ensure users understand how to engage with the experience.
Here is an example of an interactive 360-degree video that immerses the viewer in the scene:
5. Authentic User-Generated Content (UGC)
The move toward authenticity has elevated user-generated content (UGC) from a niche tactic to a core component of modern video strategy. This trend involves brands strategically featuring videos created by their actual customers, fans, and community members instead of relying solely on polished, in-house productions. Its power comes from its inherent credibility; a recommendation or product showcase from a real person often feels more trustworthy and relatable than a traditional advertisement.
The primary goal is to build social proof and foster a sense of community around a brand. GoPro has mastered this by building its entire marketing identity around breathtaking adventure videos submitted by its users. Similarly, beauty brand Glossier leverages customer testimonials and real-world routine videos to demonstrate product effectiveness. This approach turns passive consumers into active brand advocates, creating a powerful and scalable content engine. As one of the top video production trends, integrating UGC is a highly effective way to build trust and engagement.
Why It's a Key Trend
Audiences, particularly Millennials and Gen Z, are increasingly skeptical of slick corporate messaging and crave peer-to-peer validation. UGC provides an unfiltered look at a product or service in action, which consumers find more compelling and believable than traditional ads. This authenticity translates directly into higher engagement rates and can significantly influence purchasing decisions. Furthermore, it provides a constant stream of diverse and creative content at a fraction of the cost of professional productions.
How to Implement This Trend
Effectively sourcing and leveraging UGC requires a thoughtful and organized approach that encourages participation while maintaining brand standards.
- Create Clear Guidelines: Launch a branded hashtag campaign and provide simple, clear instructions on what kind of content you're looking for. This ensures submissions align with your brand's aesthetic and messaging.
- Incentivize Participation: Encourage submissions by offering rewards, such as discounts, free products, or features on your main social media channels. Contests are a fantastic way to generate a high volume of quality content quickly.
- Always Obtain Permission: Before repurposing any user's content, be sure to get their explicit permission. This protects both your brand and the creator, and it shows respect for their work.
- Showcase and Acknowledge Creators: Properly credit and tag the original creators whenever you feature their content. This not only rewards their effort but also encourages others in your community to participate.
By integrating these strategies, you can tap into a wealth of authentic video and find unique content marketing ideas that will drive growth.
6. Personalized Video Content
Moving beyond one-size-fits-all messaging, personalized video content leverages viewer data to create unique, highly relevant viewing experiences. This trend involves dynamically tailoring video elements like text, images, and audio to individual users based on their demographics, past behavior, or purchase history. It transforms a generic video into a direct, one-to-one conversation, making the viewer feel seen and understood.
The goal is to increase engagement and conversion by speaking directly to the individual's needs and interests. For example, Spotify’s annual "Wrapped" campaign creates a personalized video summary of each user's listening habits, generating immense social sharing. Similarly, Cadbury allowed customers to create personalized video messages linked to a QR code on a chocolate bar, blending a physical product with a unique digital experience. This approach is one of the most powerful video production trends because it makes marketing feel less like an advertisement and more like a helpful, bespoke service.
Why It's a Key Trend
Personalization directly addresses consumer demand for more relevant and engaging brand interactions. Instead of broadcasting a single message to a broad audience, it allows brands to deliver content that resonates on an individual level. This creates a stronger emotional connection, boosts loyalty, and significantly improves key marketing metrics like click-through rates and conversions. When a video includes a viewer's name or references a product they recently viewed, it immediately captures their attention in a way that generic content cannot.
How to Implement This Trend
Successfully deploying personalized video requires a combination of data, technology, and creative strategy.
- Start with Smart Segmentation: Before diving into individual-level personalization, begin by segmenting your audience. Create video variations for key groups based on location, past purchases, or engagement level.
- Invest in Quality Data: The effectiveness of personalization hinges on the quality of your data. Ensure you have accurate and ethically sourced information, and use tools that can analyze this data to inform your video campaigns.
- Add Value, Not Just Novelty: Personalization should serve a purpose beyond just using a customer's name. Use it to provide relevant product recommendations, helpful onboarding tips, or exclusive offers that genuinely benefit the viewer.
- Be Transparent About Data Usage: Build trust by being clear about how and why you are using customer data to create a personalized experience. A simple disclaimer can go a long way in maintaining a positive relationship with your audience.
7. Sustainability and Purpose-Driven Storytelling
Modern consumers, particularly Millennials and Gen Z, increasingly demand that brands stand for more than just profit. Purpose-driven storytelling is a video production trend that shifts the focus from a product's features to a company's values, social impact, and environmental responsibility. It’s about creating content that communicates a brand's "why" and builds a deeper, more meaningful connection with its audience based on shared ethics and goals.
This approach goes beyond generic corporate social responsibility reports. Instead, it uses authentic narratives to showcase commitment to a cause. Patagonia has mastered this with documentaries on environmental activism, while Dove's long-running "Real Beauty" campaign champions self-esteem. The goal is to build brand loyalty not through sales pitches, but by demonstrating genuine commitment to making a positive impact, making it one of the most resonant video production trends today.
Why It's a Key Trend
Audiences are looking for authenticity and are more likely to support companies whose values align with their own. Video is the perfect medium to convey the emotion and human element behind a corporate mission, transforming abstract goals into compelling, relatable stories. This trend isn't just about public relations; it directly impacts consumer behavior, with a significant percentage of buyers choosing brands that demonstrate clear social and environmental commitment.
This shift proves that purpose is profitable. Brands that successfully integrate their mission into their video content foster a community of loyal advocates who feel they are part of a larger movement, not just customers.
How to Implement This Trend
Creating effective purpose-driven content requires transparency and a commitment that extends beyond the marketing department.
- Ensure Authenticity: Your message must be backed by genuine, verifiable corporate actions. Audiences can quickly spot "greenwashing" or disingenuous claims.
- Focus on Specific Impact: Instead of broad statements like "we care about the planet," showcase a specific initiative. Detail how you reduced packaging waste by 30% or how your program provided 1,000 meals to the local community.
- Feature Real Voices: Give the platform to employees, community partners, or customers who have been directly impacted by your initiatives. Their stories provide powerful, credible testimonials.
- Be Transparent About Challenges: Acknowledge that the journey toward sustainability or social change is ongoing. Sharing both successes and setbacks builds trust and humanizes your brand.
To see how powerful narratives can bring a brand's mission to life, you can explore some powerful visual storytelling examples.
8. Advanced Animation and Motion Graphics
As brands seek to explain complex ideas and capture attention with stunning visuals, advanced animation and motion graphics have become a cornerstone of modern video strategy. This trend moves beyond simple animated logos, incorporating sophisticated 3D animation, fluid motion graphics, kinetic typography, and mixed-media approaches to create truly memorable content. Its strength lies in its ability to visualize abstract concepts, simplify intricate data, and build a unique, ownable brand aesthetic that stands apart from live-action video.
The goal is to communicate with clarity and style. Educational channels like Kurzgesagt use vibrant animations to make complex science accessible, while tech giants like Apple and Dropbox leverage sleek motion graphics to showcase product features in a clean, compelling way. This technique transforms otherwise dry information into a dynamic and engaging visual experience, making it an indispensable tool for product explainers, brand storytelling, and data visualization. Integrating advanced animation is a key video production trend for brands aiming for a polished, professional, and highly effective communication style.
Why It's a Key Trend
Advanced animation offers unparalleled creative freedom and control over the brand narrative. Unlike live-action, which is bound by physical limitations, animation allows creators to build entire worlds, visualize internal processes, and craft a perfect visual metaphor for any message. It is uniquely effective for B2B and tech companies needing to explain software, services, or complex value propositions without relying on generic stock footage. Furthermore, a consistent animation style becomes a powerful branding asset, as demonstrated by companies like Mailchimp and Spotify.
How to Implement This Trend
Creating high-quality animation requires a blend of technical skill and creative vision. Here’s how to approach it effectively:
- Develop a Style Guide: Before starting, create a clear style guide for your animations. Define the color palette, typography, character design, and motion principles to ensure brand consistency across all video content.
- Prioritize Story Over Spectacle: Use animation to enhance and clarify your core message, not to distract from it. A strong script and a clear storyboard should always be the foundation of your production.
- Optimize for Performance: High-resolution animations can result in large file sizes. Optimize your videos for web and mobile by compressing files and considering simpler styles for platforms where load times are critical.
- Plan Timing Carefully: Match the pace and timing of your animation to the voice-over or music. Well-timed motion feels more natural and professional, significantly improving the viewer experience.
If your team is looking to leverage this trend, you might want to collaborate with top motion graphics companies to bring your vision to life.
9. Cross-Platform Content Adaptation
In a fragmented digital landscape, creating a single video for one platform is no longer enough. Cross-platform content adaptation is the strategic process of designing video content that can be efficiently repurposed and optimized for multiple channels, from TikTok and YouTube to LinkedIn and your company website. This trend moves beyond simple re-uploading, focusing instead on tailoring content to fit each platform's unique aspect ratios, user expectations, and algorithmic preferences while maintaining a cohesive brand message.
The goal is to maximize the reach and impact of a single core creative concept without multiplying production costs. For instance, a long-form YouTube documentary can be broken down into a 60-second, high-impact trailer for Instagram Reels, a series of educational clips for LinkedIn, and a shareable GIF for X (formerly Twitter). Influencer Gary Vaynerchuk’s content model is a prime example; he records a long-form keynote, which his team then “multiplies” into dozens of platform-specific assets. This approach makes it one of the most efficient and scalable video production trends today.
Why It's a Key Trend
Modern audiences consume content across a diverse array of platforms, each with its own culture and technical specifications. A one-size-fits-all video strategy risks poor engagement and wasted resources. By adapting content, brands can meet audiences where they are, speaking their platform-specific language and optimizing for maximum visibility. This method ensures that every piece of content feels native and engaging, rather than like a poorly-fitted advertisement shoehorned into an incompatible space.
This strategic distribution significantly increases the ROI of the initial video production effort. A single high-value production day can generate content for an entire month’s marketing calendar, ensuring consistent brand presence across all key touchpoints.
How to Implement This Trend
Adopting a cross-platform strategy requires planning from the very beginning of the production process.
- Plan for Multiple Formats: During pre-production, plan shots that will work in both horizontal (16:9) and vertical (9:16) formats. Shoot in a higher resolution (like 4K or 6K) to allow for cropping without losing quality.
- Create a Master "Pillar" Asset: Start with a comprehensive, long-form piece of content, such as a webinar, in-depth interview, or case study video. This "pillar" will serve as the source material for all other variations.
- Develop Platform-Specific Edits: Don't just crop the video. Create unique edits for each platform. Add native text overlays and trending audio for TikTok, professional graphics for LinkedIn, and fast-paced cuts for Instagram Reels.
- Establish a Content System: Create templates and brand guidelines for each platform to ensure consistency in fonts, colors, and logos. This streamlines the adaptation process and maintains brand identity across all channels.
10. Data-Driven Video Optimization
Moving beyond intuition, data-driven video optimization is the trend of using advanced analytics, A/B testing, and performance metrics to systematically improve video content. This approach transforms video production from a purely creative endeavor into a strategic, results-oriented process. It involves leveraging viewer behavior data, engagement patterns, and platform analytics to make informed decisions that maximize engagement, retention, and conversions.
The primary goal is to understand what works and why, then replicate that success. For instance, Netflix famously uses viewer data to inform everything from greenlighting new shows to choosing the most effective thumbnail for a title. Similarly, marketing platforms like HubSpot leverage video analytics to help businesses refine their content funnels. This shift means every element of a video, from the hook to the call-to-action, is an opportunity for testing and improvement.
Why It's a Key Trend
In a saturated digital landscape, creating content that resonates is paramount. Data provides the roadmap. By analyzing viewer drop-off points, click-through rates, and audience demographics, creators can pinpoint weaknesses and double down on strengths. This leads to more efficient production budgets, higher ROI, and content that consistently performs well. To truly optimize your video strategy, it's essential to dive deep into analytics and gain insights from metrics such as understanding video view metrics like 10-second video views. This methodical approach is a cornerstone of modern video marketing.
How to Implement This Trend
Adopting a data-driven mindset requires a commitment to tracking, testing, and iterating on your video content.
- Focus on Meaningful Metrics: Move past vanity metrics like total views. Prioritize watch time, audience retention rate, and conversion rates to measure true impact.
- Set Up Proper Tracking: Implement tracking tools and ensure correct attribution models are in place before you launch a campaign. This will provide clean data for analysis.
- A/B Test Key Elements: Systematically test different thumbnails, headlines, introduction hooks, and calls-to-action to identify what your audience responds to most effectively.
- Use Data to Inform Creativity: Let analytics guide your creative direction without stifling it. If data shows viewers drop off at a certain point, use that insight to make your next video's pacing more engaging.
Top 10 Video Production Trends Comparison
Integrating Tomorrow's Trends into Today's Strategy
Navigating the dynamic landscape of digital media requires more than just awareness; it demands action. The Top Video Production Trends You Must Know About that we have explored throughout this article are not merely fleeting fads. They are fundamental shifts in audience behavior, technological capability, and strategic communication, each representing a powerful tool to forge deeper, more meaningful connections with your audience. From the raw immediacy of user-generated content and live streaming to the hyper-personalized touch of AI-driven video and the immersive power of interactive experiences, these trends signal a clear departure from one-size-fits-all broadcasting. The future of video is participatory, personal, and purpose-driven.
The core message is one of strategic integration. Success no longer lies in mastering a single format but in building a flexible, multi-faceted video ecosystem. Your brand's narrative can be woven through ephemeral vertical clips, detailed in long-form animated explainers, and brought to life in real-time interactive sessions. The key is to see these trends not as a checklist to complete but as a palette of creative options to be mixed and matched according to your specific goals, audience segments, and campaign objectives.
From Insight to Implementation: Your Actionable Roadmap
Understanding these trends is the first step, but turning them into tangible business growth requires a deliberate plan. For marketing directors, creative leads, and founders, the challenge is often one of resources and expertise. How do you pivot to a vertical-first mindset, harness the efficiencies of AI, or launch a purpose-driven campaign without overwhelming your existing team?
Here is a practical roadmap to get you started:
- Conduct a Content Audit: Begin by evaluating your current video assets against the trends discussed. Where are the gaps? Are you overly reliant on one format (e.g., traditional 16:9 landscape video)? Identify the lowest-hanging fruit. Perhaps adapting existing content for vertical platforms or incorporating more authentic UGC is a quick and effective starting point.
- Prioritize Based on Impact: You don't need to tackle all ten trends at once. Select two or three that align most closely with your immediate business goals. If customer engagement is your top priority, focus on live streaming and interactive video. If you need to boost brand trust and relatability, make authentic UGC and purpose-driven storytelling your focus.
- Pilot and Test: Before committing to a large-scale overhaul, run small-scale pilot projects. Launch a single-product personalized video campaign, experiment with an AI-powered editing tool on a small batch of content, or test a series of short-form videos on a specific social channel. Use data-driven optimization to measure what works and refine your approach.
- Empower Your Team (or Find a Partner): The diversity of these trends requires a broad skill set. Assess your in-house capabilities. Do you have the expertise for advanced motion graphics or the strategic insight for cross-platform adaptation? If not, consider leveraging an integrated creative infrastructure. A partner like Moonb provides on-demand access to a full spectrum of creative talent, allowing you to scale your efforts and execute on these cutting-edge trends without the significant overhead of building a large internal department.
The Future is Fluid, Be Ready to Adapt
The most critical takeaway is that the video production landscape will only continue to accelerate. The trends that define today will evolve into the standards of tomorrow. By embracing a mindset of continuous learning and strategic experimentation, you position your brand not just to keep up, but to lead. Mastering these Top Video Production Trends You Must Know About is about more than staying relevant; it’s about building a resilient, adaptable, and deeply resonant communication strategy that drives results. The tools and techniques are here. The opportunity is yours to seize.




